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Utopian Socialism
Modern socialism's descent from the French Enlightenment, and the three great Utopians taken seriously: Saint-Simon's science of production, Fourier's satire of civilization, Owen's model factory and ruinous communism. Their genius was real; their limit was their moment — a "kingdom of reason" designed before the proletariat existed could only be the idealized kingdom of the bourgeoisie, a utopia to be dreamed rather than a process to be understood.
The Enlightenment's "kingdom of reason" as the bourgeoisie's kingdom idealizedSaint-Simon: politics as the science of productionFourier: civilization's "vicious circle" and the emancipation of womenOwen: New Lanark, the co-operative movement, and respectability lostWhy invented systems ground out into "mish-mash" eclecticism